They provide traffic to all other ISPs, not end users. These ISPs build infrastructure such as the Atlantic Internet sea cables. They are sometimes referred to as backbone Internet providers. Tier 1 Internet providers are the networks that are the backbone of the Internet. ISPs are classified into a 3-tier model that categorizes them based on the type of Internet services they provide. ISPs provide transport of Internet traffic on behalf of other ISPs, companies or other non-ISP organizations, and individuals.
The binding glue of the Internet is that all AS share a standard Internet Protocol (IP) addressing scheme and global Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) routing framework that allows all these networks to interconnect with each other directly or indirectly. The AS networks that form the primary transport for the Internet are independently controlled by Internet Service Providers (ISPs), each with its own business policies, internal network topologies, services, and customer profiles. There are over sixty thousand AS numbers (ASNs) assigned to a wide variety of companies, educational, non-profit and government entities. The global Internet is a collection of separate, but interconnected networks, each of which is managed as a single administrative domain called an Autonomous Systems (AS).
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